C# by Dissection

Ira Pohl, Addison Wesley

ISBN:0201743965, Edition: , 2002-01-01

Price: -

Table of Contents

1 Writing an ANSI C++ Program 1
1.1 Getting Ready to Program ~ 2
1.1 A First Program ~ 3
1.2 Problem Solving: Recipes ~ 7
1.2.1 Algorithms-Being Precise ~ 8
1.3 Implementing Our Algorithm in C++ ~ 10
1.4 Software Engineering: Style ~ 12
1.5 Common Programming Errors ~ 13
1.6 Writing and Running a C++ Program ~ 14
1.6.1 Interrupting a Program ~ 16
1.6.2 Typing an End-of-File Signal ~ 16
1.7 Dr. P’s Prescriptions ~ 16
1.8 C++ Compared with Java ~ 17
Summary ~ 20
Review Questions ~ 21
Exercises ~ 22

2 Native Types and Statements 25
2.1 Program Elements ~ 26
2.1.1 Comments ~ 26
2.1.2 Keywords ~ 27
2.1.3 Identifiers ~ 27
2.1.4 Literals ~ 29
2.1.5 Operators and Punctuators ~ 31
2.2 Input/Output ~ 31
2.3 Program Structure ~ 34
2.3.1 Redirection ~ 36
2.4 Simple Types ~ 37
2.4.1 Initialization ~ 39
2.5 The Traditional Conversions ~ 40
2.6 Enumeration Types ~ 43
2.6.1 typedef Declarations ~ 44
2.7 Expressions ~ 44
2.7.1 Precedence and Associativity of Operators ~ 45
2.7.2 Relational, Equality, and Logical Operators ~ 47
2.8 Statements ~ 50
2.8.1 Assignment and Expressions ~ 51
2.8.2 The Compound Statement ~ 52
2.8.3 The if and if-else Statements ~ 52
2.8.4 The while Statement ~ 55
2.8.5 The for Statement ~ 56
2.8.6 The do Statement ~ 57
2.8.7 The break and continue Statements ~ 58
2.8.8 The switch Statement ~ 59
2.8.9 The goto Statement ~ 62
2.9 Software Engineering: Debugging ~ 62
2.10 Dr. P’s Prescriptions ~ 65
2.11 C++ Compared with Java ~ 67
Summary ~ 69
Review Questions ~ 70
Exercises ~ 71

3 Functions, Pointers, and Arrays 75
3.1 Functions ~ 75
3.2 Function Invocation ~ 76
3.3 Function Definition ~ 78
3.4 The return Statement ~ 79
3.5 Function Prototypes ~ 80
3.6 Call-By-Value ~ 81
3.7 Recursion ~ 83
3.8 Default Arguments ~ 84
3.9 Functions as Arguments ~ 86
3.10 Overloading Functions ~ 88
3.11 Inlining ~ 89
3.11.1Software Engineering: Avoiding Macros ~ 89
3.12 Scope and Storage Class ~ 90
3.12.1The Storage Class auto ~ 92
3.12.2The Storage Class extern ~ 92
3.12.3The Storage Class register ~ 93
3.12.4The Storage Class static ~ 94
3.12.5Header Files and Linkage Mysteries ~ 95
3.13 Namespaces ~ 98
3.14 Pointer Types ~ 99
3.14.1Addressing and Dereferencing ~ 100
3.14.2Pointer-Based Call-By-Reference ~ 100
3.15 Reference Declarations ~ 102
3.16 The Uses of void ~ 104
3.17 Arrays ~ 105
3.17.1Subscripting ~ 106
3.17.2 Initialization ~ 106
3.18 Arrays and Pointers ~ 106
3.19 Passing Arrays to Functions ~ 107
3.20 Problem Solving: Random Numbers ~ 108
3.21 Software Engineering: Structured Programming ~ 111
3.22 Core Language ADT: char* String ~ 114
3.23 Multidimensional Arrays ~ 117
3.24 Operators new and delete ~ 120
3.24.1 Vector Instead of Array ~ 123
3.24.2 String Instead of char* ~ 124
3.25 Software Engineering: Program Correctness ~ 124
3.26 Dr. P’s Prescriptions ~ 127
3.27 C++ Compared with Java ~ 128
Summary ~ 130
Review Questions ~ 132
Exercises ~ 133

4 Classes and Abstract Data Types 139
4.1 The Aggregate Type class and struct ~ 140
4.2 Member Selection Operator ~ 141
4.3 Member Functions ~ 143
4.4 Access: Private and Public ~ 146
4.5 Classes ~ 147
4.6 Class Scope ~ 150
4.6.1 Scope Resolution Operator ~ 150
4.6.2 Nested Classes ~ 152
4.7 An Example: Flushing ~ 153
4.8 The this Pointer ~ 158
4.9 static Members ~ 159
4.10 const Members ~ 161
4.10.1Mutable Members ~ 163
4.11 A Container Class Example: ch_stack ~ 164
4.12 Software Engineering: Class Design ~ 166
4.12.1Trade-Offs in Design ~ 168
4.12.2Unified Modeling Language (UML) and Design ~ 169
4.13 Dr. P’s Prescriptions ~ 170
4.14 C++ Compared with Java ~ 171
4.15 Advanced Topics ~ 172
4.15.1Pointer to Class Member ~ 172
4.15.2Unions ~ 174
4.15.3Bit Fields ~ 175
Summary ~ 177
Review Questions ~ 178
Exercises ~ 179

5 Ctors, Dtors, Conversions, and Operator Overloading 183
5.1 Classes with Constructors ~ 184
5.1.1 The Default Constructor ~ 186
5.1.2 Constructor Initializer ~ 187
5.1.3 Constructors as Conversions ~ 187
5.1.4 Improving the point Class ~ 189
5.1.5 Constructing a Stack ~ 190
5.1.6 The Copy Constructor ~ 193
5.2 Classes with Destructors ~ 195
5.3 Members That Are Class Types ~ 195
5.4 Example: A Singly Linked List ~ 196
5.5 Strings Using Reference Semantics ~ 201
5.6 Constructor Issues and Mysteries ~ 204
5.6.1 Destructor Details ~ 205
5.6.2 Constructor Pragmatics ~ 206
5.7 Polymorphism Using Function Overloading ~ 206
5.8 ADT Conversions ~ 207
5.9 Overloading and Signature Matching ~ 208
5.10 Friend Functions ~ 211
5.11 Overloading Operators ~ 213
5.12 Unary Operator Overloading ~ 214
5.13 Binary Operator Overloading ~ 217
5.14 Overloading the Assignment Operator ~ 219
5.15 Overloading the Subscript Operator ~ 220
5.16 Overloading Operator () for Indexing ~ 221
5.17 Overloading << and >> ~ 222
5.18 Overloading -> ~ 223
5.19 Overloading new and delete ~ 224
5.20 More Signature Matching ~ 227
5.21 Software Engineering: When to Use Overloading ~ 228
5.22 Dr. P’s Prescriptions ~ 229
5.23 C++ Compared with Java ~ 231
Summary ~ 235
Review Questions ~ 236
Exercises ~ 237

6 Templates and Generic Programming 243
6.1 Template Class stack ~ 246
6.2 Function Templates ~ 248
6.2.1 Signature Matching and Overloading ~ 250
6.2.2 How to Write a Simple Function: square() ~ 252
6.3 Generic Code Development: Quicksort ~ 253
6.3.1 Converting to a Generic quicksort() ~ 256
6.4 Class Templates ~ 260
6.4.1 Friends ~ 260
6.4.2 Static Members ~ 260
6.4.3 Class Template Arguments ~ 261
6.4.4 Default Template Arguments ~ 261
6.4.5 Member Templates ~ 262
6.5 Parameterizing the Class vector ~ 262
6.6 Using STL: string, vector, and complex ~ 265
6.6.1 string and basic_string<> ~ 265
6.6.2 vector<> in STL ~ 267
6.6.3 Using complex<> ~ 267
6.6.4 limits and Other Useful Templates ~ 268
6.7 Software Engineering: Reuse and Generics ~ 269
6.7.1 Debugging Template Code ~ 269
6.7.2 Special Considerations ~ 270
6.7.3 Using typename ~ 271
6.8 Dr. P’s Prescriptions ~ 272
6.9 C++ Compared with Java ~ 272
Summary ~ 276
Review Questions ~ 277
Exercises ~ 278

7 Standard Template Library 280
7.1 A Simple STL Example ~ 280
7.2 Containers ~ 283
7.2.1 Sequence Containers ~ 285
7.2.2 Associative Containers ~ 288
7.2.3 Container Adaptors ~ 293
7.3 Iterators ~ 296
7.3.1 Iterators for istream and ostream ~ 297
7.3.2 Iterator Adaptors ~ 300
7.4 Algorithms ~ 302
7.4.1 Sorting Algorithms ~ 302
7.4.2 Nonmutating Sequence Algorithms ~ 305
7.4.3 Mutating Sequence Algorithms ~ 307
7.4.4 Numerical Algorithms ~ 310
7.5 Numerical Integration Made Easy ~ 311
7.6 STL: Function Objects ~ 315
7.6.1 Building a Function Object ~ 317
7.6.2 Function Adaptors ~ 318
7.7 Allocators ~ 320
7.8 Software Engineering: STL Use ~ 320
7.8.1 Syntax Bugs ~ 321
7.9 Dr. P’s Prescriptions ~ 322
7.10 C++ Compared with Java ~ 323
Summary ~ 324
Review Questions ~ 325
Exercises ~ 326

8 Inheritance and OOP 328
8.1 A Derived Class ~ 329
8.1.1 More Unified Modeling Language (UML) ~ 333
8.2 A Student ISA Person ~ 334
8.3 Virtual Functions: Dynamic Determination ~ 337
8.3.1 Overloading and Overriding Confusion ~ 340
8.3.2 A Canonical Example: Class shape ~ 342
8.4 Abstract Base Classes ~ 343
8.5 Templates and Inheritance ~ 350
8.6 Multiple Inheritance ~ 351
8.7 RTTI and Other Fine Points ~ 353
8.7.1 Finer Points ~ 354
8.8 Software Engineering: Inheritance and Design ~ 355
8.8.1 Subtyping Form ~ 356
8.8.2 Code Reuse ~ 357
8.9 Dr. P’s Prescriptions ~ 358
8.10 C++ Compared with Java ~ 358
Summary ~ 361
Review Questions ~ 362
Exercises ~ 363

9 Input/Output 366
9.1 The Output Class ostream ~ 366
9.2 Formatted Output and iomanip ~ 367
9.3 User-Defined Types: Output ~ 372
9.4 The Input Class istream ~ 374
9.5 Files ~ 375
9.6 Using Strings as Streams ~ 379
9.7 The Functions and Macros in ctype ~ 380
9.8 Using Stream States ~ 380
9.9 Mixing I/O Libraries ~ 383
9.10 Software Engineering: I/O ~ 384
9.11 Dr. P’s Prescriptions ~ 386
9.12 C++ Compared with Java ~ 386
Summary ~ 389
Review Questions ~ 390
Exercises ~ 391

10Exceptions and Program Correctness 394
10.1 Using the assert Library ~ 394
10.2 C++ Exceptions ~ 397
10.3 Throwing Exceptions ~ 398
10.3.1Rethrown Exceptions ~ 400
10.3.2Exception Expressions ~ 401
10.4 try Blocks ~ 404
10.5 Handlers ~ 405
10.6 Converting Assertions to Exceptions ~ 405
10.7 Exception Specification ~ 408
10.8 terminate() and unexpected() ~ 409
10.9 Standard Exceptions and Their Uses ~ 409
10.10 Software Engineering: Exception Objects ~ 411
10.11 Dr. P’s Prescriptions ~ 413
10.12 C++ Compared with Java ~ 414
Summary ~ 417
Review Questions ~ 418
Exercises ~ 419

11OOP Using C++ 421
11.1 OOP Language Requirements ~ 422
11.1.1ADTs: Encapsulation and Data Hiding ~ 423
11.1.2Reuse and Inheritance ~ 423
11.1.3Polymorphism ~ 424
11.2 OOP: The Dominant Programming Methodology ~ 425
11.3 Designing with OOP in Mind ~ 432
11.4 Class-Responsibility-Collaborator ~ 434
11.4.1CRC Cards ~ 435
11.5 Design Patterns ~ 436
11.6 A Further Assessment of C++ ~ 437
11.6.1Why C++ Is Better Than Java ~ 438
11.6.2A Short Rebuttal ~ 439
11.7 Software Engineering: Last Thoughts ~ 439
11.8 Dr. P’s Prescriptions ~ 440
11.9 C++ Compared with Java ~ 441
Summary ~ 447
Review Questions ~ 448
Exercises ~ 449

AASCII Character Codes 451

B Operator Precedence and Associativity 453

C String Library 455
C.1 Constructors ~ 456
C.2 Member Functions ~ 457
C.3 Global Operators ~ 460

DThe tio Library 462
D.1 Console ~ 462
D.2 FormattedWriter ~ 463
D.3 PrintFileWriter ~ 472
D.4 ReadException ~ 472
D.5 ReadInput ~ 473

Index 482