LPIC 1 Certification Bible

Angie Nash, Wiley

ISBN:0764547720, Edition: , 2001-07-15

Price: $59.99

Table of Contents

Preface ~ ix

Acknowledgments ~ xvii

Part I: Installing Linux and Getting Started 1

Chapter 1: Installing Linux ~ 3
History of Linux and GNU ~ 5
The GNU General Public License ~ 6
What Does Free Mean? ~ 7
Why Use Linux? ~ 7
Linux is multiuser ~ 8
Linux is multitasking ~ 8
Linux is stable ~ 8
Linux has lots of available software ~ 9
Linux has a wide range of supported hardware ~ 9
Linux is fast ~ 9
Overview of the Linux Architecture ~ 9
Kernel space ~ 9
User space ~ 10
Linux Distributions ~ 10
Red Hat ~ 10
Mandrake ~ 11
Debian ~ 11
SuSE ~ 11
Slackware ~ 11
Caldera ~ 11
Turbolinux ~ 12
Preparing Hardware ~ 12
CPU requirements ~ 13
Memory requirements ~ 13
Hard disk controller requirements ~ 13
Hard disk space requirements ~ 14
Video requirements ~ 14
BIOS settings ~ 14
Peripherals and other hardware ~ 15
Resolving Conflicts and Configuring Plug-and-Play Hardware ~ 18
Hardware addresses ~ 18
Viewing configuration addresses ~ 18
Configuring Plug-and-Play devices ~ 20
Partitioning Schemes ~ 21
Using fdisk ~ 23
Using Disk Druid ~ 25
Using cfdisk ~ 26
Boot Managers ~ 28
Installing Linux ~ 28
Red Hat installation ~ 28
Debian installation ~ 41
Assessment Questions ~ 59
Scenarios ~ 61
Answers to Chapter Questions ~ 61
Chapter Pre-Test ~ 61
Assessment Questions ~ 61
Scenarios ~ 62

Chapter 2: Using the Shell ~ 63
Understanding Shells ~ 65
Using the Command Line ~ 67
Command completion ~ 70
Editing commands with the Readline Library ~ 70
Command substitution ~ 71
Using the history file ~ 71
fc ~ 72
Environment Variables and Settings ~ 72
Editing the PATH variable ~ 73
The init process and the PATH variable ~ 76
Prompt ~ 76
HOME ~ 77
Managing Processes ~ 77
Modifying Process Priorities ~ 82
Assessment Questions ~ 85
Scenarios ~ 89
Lab Exercises ~ 89
Answers to Chapter Questions ~ 90
Chapter Pre-Test ~ 90
Assessment Questions ~ 90
Scenarios ~ 92

Chapter 3: Installing Software ~ 93
Installing Software from Source Code ~ 95
Obtaining the source code ~ 96
Decompressing the tarball ~ 97
Running the configure script ~ 98
Making changes to the Makefile ~ 100
Compiling the software ~ 101
Installing the software ~ 102
Managing Shared Libraries ~ 103
Viewing required shared libraries ~ 104
Setting library paths ~ 104
Configuring shared libraries ~ 104
Red Hat Package Manager ~ 105
Package files ~ 106
The RPM database ~ 107
The rpm tool ~ 107
Debian Package Management ~ 118
Using dpkg ~ 119
Using dselect ~ 127
Using apt-get ~ 132
Using alien ~ 137
Assessment Questions ~ 141
Scenarios ~ 144
Lab Exercises ~ 145
Red Hat labs ~ 145
Debian labs ~ 147
Answers to Chapter Questions ~ 153
Chapter Pre-Test ~ 153
Assessment Questions ~ 153
Scenario Answers ~ 155

Part II: Getting Around in Linux 157

Chapter 4: Processing Text ~ 159
Working with Input and Output ~ 161
Redirection ~ 161
Pipes ~ 164
tee ~ 165
xargs ~ 166
Modifying Text with Filters ~ 167
Sorting lines of a file ~ 167
Cutting text ~ 170
Pasting text ~ 171
Converting tabs to spaces ~ 172
Formatting paragraphs ~ 173
Deleting or substituting characters ~ 175
Viewing the beginning of a file ~ 176
Viewing the end of a file ~ 176
Joining multiple files ~ 177
Dividing files into multiple pieces ~ 179
Displaying files in other formats ~ 180
Converting files for printing ~ 181
Displaying files backwards ~ 182
Displaying numeric details of a file ~ 183
Adding line numbers to a file ~ 183
Using the stream editor ~ 185
Using grep ~ 187
Enhancing Searches with Regular Expressions ~ 188
Assessment Questions ~ 192
Scenarios ~ 195
Lab Exercises ~ 195
Answers to Chapter Questions ~ 197
Chapter Pre-Test ~ 197
Assessment Questions ~ 197
Scenarios ~ 199

Chapter 5: Using Partitions and File Systems ~ 201
Linux File Systems Overview ~ 203
File system types ~ 204
Considerations when making a file system ~ 206
Creating Partitions and File Systems ~ 207
Partition types ~ 207
File system tools ~ 208
Checking the File System ~ 212
fsck ~ 212
du ~ 215
df ~ 216
Mounting and Unmounting File Systems ~ 217
Mounting file systems ~ 218
Unmounting file systems ~ 218
Checking available file systems with /etc/fstab ~ 219
Checking mounted file systems with /etc/mtab ~ 220
Assessment Questions ~ 222
Scenarios ~ 225
Lab Exercises ~ 225
Answers to Chapter Questions ~ 228
Chapter Pre-Test ~ 228
Assessment Questions ~ 228
Scenarios ~ 229

Chapter 6: Managing Files ~ 231
Managing Files ~ 233
Changing directories ~ 233
Listing directory contents ~ 235
Determining a file type ~ 239
Changing file time stamp ~ 240
Copying files ~ 241
Moving files ~ 245
Deleting files ~ 246
Creating directories ~ 246
Understanding File System Hierarchy ~ 247
Standard file locations ~ 247
System directories ~ 248
Locating Files ~ 248
find ~ 249
locate ~ 249
which ~ 250
whereis ~ 251
Creating File Links ~ 251
Hard links ~ 252
Symbolic links ~ 252
Working with Permissions ~ 253
Symbolic and numeric permissions ~ 253
Files, directories, and special files ~ 253
User and group permissions ~ 254
SUID and SGID ~ 258
Sticky bit ~ 258
Using Compression Tools ~ 259
tar ~ 259
gzip and gunzip ~ 260
compress ~ 261
bzip2 ~ 262
Managing Quotas ~ 263
quota ~ 263
edquota ~ 264
repquota ~ 265
quotaon and quotaoff ~ 265
Assessment Questions ~ 268
Scenarios ~ 271
Answers to Chapter Questions ~ 271
Chapter Pre-Test ~ 271
Assessment Questions ~ 272
Scenarios ~ 273

Chapter 7: Using Documentation ~ 275
Getting Help with Man Pages ~ 277
Locating man pages ~ 279
Searching man page sections ~ 281
Using Documentation Stored in /usr/doc ~ 284
Documentation on the Internet ~ 285
Linux Documentation Project ~ 285
Vendor sites ~ 286
Newsgroups ~ 286
Mailing lists ~ 286
Creating Documentation ~ 287
Providing Technical Support ~ 287
Assessment Questions ~ 290
Scenarios ~ 292
Answers to Chapter Questions ~ 292
Chapter Pre-Test ~ 292
Assessment Questions ~ 293
Scenarios ~ 293

Chapter 8: Understanding the Boot Process ~ 295
Using LILO ~ 297
Configuring LILO ~ 298
Installing and updating LILO ~ 303
Viewing boot messages ~ 304
Understanding Runlevels and init ~ 305
Using runlevels ~ 305
Configuring the init process ~ 308
Customizing the Boot Process ~ 311
BSD startup ~ 311
Sys V startup ~ 311
Troubleshooting the Boot Process ~ 316
Troubleshooting LILO ~ 317
Booting to single-user mode ~ 319
Creating a boot disk ~ 320
Creating repair disks ~ 320
Assessment Questions ~ 323
Scenarios ~ 326
Lab Exercises ~ 326
Answers to Chapter Questions ~ 328
Chapter Pre-Test ~ 328
Assessment Questions ~ 328
Scenarios ~ 330

Chapter 9: Using X ~ 331
Overview of the X Window System ~ 333
History of X ~ 333
Architecture overview ~ 333
Window managers ~ 334
Desktop environments ~ 335
Installing X ~ 336
Installing with RPMs ~ 336
Installing on Debian ~ 336
Installing with binary packages ~ 337
Versions of XFree86 ~ 338
Configuring X ~ 340
Manually configuring the XF86Config file ~ 341
Using XF86Setup ~ 349
Using xf86config ~ 355
Detecting video hardware ~ 356
Fine tuning video ~ 357
Configuring fonts ~ 358
Starting X ~ 359
Starting X manually ~ 359
Using XDM ~ 361
Using X ~ 366
Choosing a window manager or environment ~ 367
Using X clients ~ 368
Using a terminal emulator ~ 368
Customizing X applications ~ 369
Using special keys ~ 370
Managing bad applications ~ 370
Running X and Clients Remotely ~ 371
Configuring X security ~ 371
Configuring remote clients ~ 373
Configuring remote login ~ 373
Assessment Questions ~ 377
Scenarios ~ 380
Lab Exercises ~ 380
Answers to Chapter Questions ~ 382
Chapter Pre-Test ~ 382
Assessment Questions ~ 382
Scenarios ~ 383

Part III: Administering Linux 385

Chapter 10: Managing Users and Groups ~ 387
Special Users ~ 389
root ~ 389
nobody ~ 390
bin ~ 390
Manually Adding Users and Groups ~ 390
Storing user information ~ 391
Storing group information ~ 392
Picking numeric user and group ids ~ 392
Creating a user by hand ~ 392
Managing Users and Groups ~ 393
Managing User and Group Accounts ~ 394
Assigning and Using Passwords ~ 398
Configuring Global and User Settings ~ 400
/etc/profile ~ 400
/etc/skel ~ 401
Assessment Questions ~ 403
Scenarios ~ 405
Lab Exercises ~ 405
Answers to Chapter Questions ~ 406
Chapter Pre-Test ~ 406
Assessment Questions ~ 406
Scenarios ~ 407

Chapter 11: Administering the System ~ 409
Starting and Stopping Daemons ~ 411
Using the /etc/rc.d scripts ~ 411
Using the kill command ~ 412
System Logging ~ 413
Configuring system logging ~ 414
Rotating system logs ~ 416
Identifying problems using log files ~ 418
Scheduling Jobs ~ 421
Using the at utility ~ 421
Using the batch utility ~ 423
Using the crond daemon ~ 423
Performing Backups ~ 425
Planning the backups ~ 425
Backup methods ~ 427
Backup media ~ 428
Other considerations ~ 429
Backup commands ~ 429
Limiting Core Dump Files ~ 434
Assessment Questions ~ 436
Scenarios ~ 439
Lab Exercises ~ 440
Answers to Chapter Questions ~ 440
Chapter Pre-Test ~ 440
Assessment Questions ~ 441
Scenarios ~ 442

Chapter 12: Printing ~ 443
Installing Printers ~ 445
Configuring the /etc/printcap file ~ 446
Creating the spool directory and log file ~ 448
Controlling printer access ~ 449
Using Print Filters ~ 450
Installing Apsfilter ~ 450
Installing Magicfilter ~ 451
Using PrintTool ~ 452
Managing the Printer Services ~ 453
Managing the printer daemon ~ 453
Managing printers ~ 453
Managing print queues ~ 457
Managing print jobs ~ 459
Printing Files ~ 461
Using lpr ~ 461
Using a2ps ~ 464
Troubleshooting Printing Problems ~ 464
lpd problems ~ 464
Queue problems ~ 465
Printer problems ~ 466
File and directory problems ~ 467
Space problems ~ 467
Assessment Questions ~ 469
Scenarios ~ 472
Lab Exercises ~ 473
Answers to Chapter Questions ~ 474
Chapter Pre-Test ~ 474
Assessment Questions ~ 474
Scenarios ~ 475

Chapter 13: Working with the Kernel ~ 477
Kernel Overview ~ 479
Kernel development ~ 479
Kernel types ~ 480
Managing modules ~ 482
Reconfiguring and Installing a New Kernel ~ 490
Obtaining the kernel source ~ 490
Updating your source with patches ~ 491
Configuring the kernel ~ 493
Compiling the kernel ~ 497
Installing the kernel ~ 498
Creating a ramdisk ~ 499
Configuring LILO ~ 499
Testing the new kernel ~ 500
Assessment Questions ~ 502
Scenarios ~ 505
Lab Exercises ~ 505
Answers to Chapter Questions ~ 510
Chapter Pre-Test ~ 510
Assessment Questions ~ 510
Scenarios ~ 511

Chapter 14: Using Shells and Scripts ~ 513
Using vi ~ 515
Text editing practices ~ 515
Opening files for editing ~ 516
Exiting vi and saving files ~ 516
Moving the cursor ~ 517
Adding text ~ 519
Deleting text ~ 520
Copying and pasting ~ 521
Searching for text ~ 524
Undoing changes ~ 527
Customizing the Shell Environment ~ 527
Environment variables ~ 528
Aliases ~ 536
Special files ~ 536
Options ~ 539
Writing Simple Scripts ~ 541
Starting a shell script ~ 542
Writing a basic script ~ 542
Testing conditions ~ 543
Flow control ~ 545
Reading user input ~ 548
Script considerations ~ 549
Assessment Questions ~ 551
Scenarios ~ 554
Answers to Chapter Questions ~ 554
Chapter Pre-Test ~ 554
Assessment Questions ~ 555
Scenarios ~ 556

Part IV: Managing the Network 559

Chapter 15: Networking Fundamentals ~ 561
The TCP/IP Protocol Suite ~ 564
Addresses ~ 564
Network classes ~ 565
Dividing networks with subnet masks ~ 566
Protocols ~ 569
Ports ~ 571
Applications ~ 573
Configuration and Troubleshooting ~ 580
Managing network interfaces ~ 580
Managing network configuration files ~ 586
Configuring PPP ~ 588
Assessment Questions ~ 592
Scenarios ~ 595
Answers to Chapter Questions ~ 595
Chapter Pre-Test ~ 595
Assessment Questions ~ 596
Scenarios ~ 597

Chapter 16: Managing Network Services ~ 599
Using the Internet Super Server ~ 602
Configuring inetd ~ 602
Restarting the inetd process ~ 604
Configuring Basic Network Services ~ 605
Configuring an FTP server ~ 605
Configuring Telnet ~ 617
Using sendmail ~ 618
Customizing the sendmail.cf ~ 619
Aliasing and forwarding mail ~ 623
Managing sendmail ~ 624
Using Apache ~ 625
Starting and stopping httpd ~ 626
Configuring Apache ~ 627
Using NFS ~ 637
Configuring exports ~ 638
Mounting exported directories ~ 639
Managing the NFS server ~ 640
Security considerations ~ 642
Using Samba ~ 643
Configuring Samba ~ 643
Managing Samba ~ 646
Client connections ~ 647
Using DNS ~ 651
Overview of DNS ~ 651
The DNS namespace ~ 651
DNS and BIND ~ 654
Configuring BIND v8 ~ 654
Configuring a caching-only name server ~ 667
Using BIND v4 ~ 668
Configuring client DNS ~ 669
Using DNS tools ~ 671
Managing the DNS server ~ 675
Assessment Questions ~ 679
Scenarios ~ 682
Lab Exercises ~ 682
Answers to Chapter Questions ~ 692
Chapter Pre-Test ~ 692
Assessment Questions ~ 693
Scenarios ~ 694

Chapter 17: Managing Security ~ 695
Performing Security Administration Tasks ~ 697
Configuring TCP wrappers ~ 697
SUID security issues ~ 701
Managing packages ~ 701
Using setgid ~ 702
How and why not to use the r commands ~ 703
Using SSH ~ 705
Providing Host Security ~ 718
Using shadow passwords ~ 719
Removing unused services ~ 720
Blocking unwanted connections with IP chains ~ 721
Authentication Modules ~ 728
Monitoring security lists and sites ~ 730
Limiting Users ~ 732
Checking Security ~ 734
nmap ~ 734
SAINT ~ 735
Nessus ~ 735
crack ~ 735
COPS ~ 736
Tripwire ~ 736
Bastille Linux ~ 737
Assessment Questions ~ 739
Scenarios ~ 742
Lab Exercises ~ 742
Answers to Chapter Questions ~ 744
Chapter Pre-Test ~ 744
Assessment Questions ~ 745
Scenarios ~ 746

Appendix A: What's on the CD-ROM ~ 747
System Requirements ~ 747
Using the CD with Microsoft Windows ~ 748
Using the CD with Linux ~ 748
What's on the CD ~ 748
Hungry Minds test engine ~ 748
Electronic version of LPIC 1 Certification Bible ~ 749
Guides ~ 749
FAQs ~ 749
HOWTOs ~ 750
Troubleshooting ~ 752

Appendix B: Practice Exams ~ 753
Exam 101 ~ 753
Exam 102 ~ 761
Exam 101 Answers ~ 768
Exam 102 Answers ~ 772

Appendix C: Objective Mapping ~ 775

Appendix D: Exam Tips ~ 787
Where Can I Take the Test? ~ 787
How Do I Register? ~ 787
How Much Does It Cost? ~ 787
How Long Is the Test? ~ 788
Can I Bring Anything with Me into the Testing Center? ~ 788
How Do I Get My Results? ~ 788
What Happens If I Pass? ~ 788
What Do I Do If I Fail? ~ 788
Can I Retake the Test? How Often? ~ 788
What If I Have a Problem with the Test, or a Question on the Test? ~ 789
What's the Next Step (the Next Exam To Take)? ~ 789

Glossary ~ 791

Index ~ 803

End-User License Agreement ~ 845

CD-ROM Installation Instructions ~ 848