CCNP BCMSN Exam Certification Guide (CCNP Self-Study, 642-811) (2nd Edition) (CCNP Self-Study)

David Hucaby, Cisco Press

ISBN:1587200775, Edition: 2, 2003-09-23

Price: $49.95

Table of Contents

Foreword xxiii

Introduction: Overview of Certification and How to Succeed xxiv

Part I Overview and Design of a Campus Network 2

Chapter 1 Campus Network Overview 5
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 5
Foundation Topics 9
Switching Functionality 9
Layer 2 Switching 10
Layer 3 Routing 10
Layer 3 Switching 11
Layer 4 Switching 12
Multilayer Switching (MLS) 12
Campus Network Models 12
Shared Network Model 13
LAN Segmentation Model 14
Network Traffic Models 17
Predictable Network Model 19
Hierarchical Network Design 19
Access Layer 20
Distribution Layer 21
Core Layer 21
Cisco Products in the Hierarchical Design 21
Access Layer Switches 22
Distribution Layer Switches 23
Core Layer Switches 24
Product Summary 25
Foundation Summary 27
Q&A 30

Chapter 2 Modular Network Design 33
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 33
Foundation Topics 37
Modular Network Design 37
The Switch Block 38
Sizing a Switch Block 39
The Core Block 41
Collapsed Core 42
Dual Core 43
Core Size in a Campus Network 45
Other Building Blocks 45
Server Farm Block 46
Network Management Block 46
Enterprise Edge Block 47
Service Provider Edge Block 47
Can I Use Layer 2 Distribution Switches? 48
Foundation Summary 50
Q&A 52

Part II Building a Campus Network 54

Chapter 3 Switch Operation 57
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 57
Foundation Topics 61
Layer 2 Switch Operation 61
Transparent Bridging 61
Follow That Frame! 63
Multilayer Switch Operation 66
Types of Multilayer Switching 66
Follow That Packet! 67
Multilayer Switching Exceptions 69
Tables Used in Switching 69
Content Addressable Memory (CAM) 70
Ternary Content Addressable Memory (TCAM) 71
TCAM Structure 71
TCAM Example 72
Port Operations in TCAM 74
Troubleshooting Switching Tables 75
CAM Table Operation 75
TCAM Operation 76
Foundation Summary 77
Q&A 79

Chapter 4 Switch Configuration 83
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 83
Foundation Topics 87
Switch Management 87
Operating Systems 87
Identifying the Switch 88
Passwords and User Access 89
Password Recovery 90
Remote Access 90
Inter-Switch Communication—Cisco Discovery Protocol 91
Switch File Management 91
OS Image Files 92
Filename Conventions 93
Configuration Files 93
Other Catalyst Switch Files 94
Moving Catalyst Switch Files Around 94
Troubleshooting from the Operating System 96
Show Configuration and File Contents 96
Debugging Output 97
View CDP Information 98
Foundation Summary 100
Q&A 103

Chapter 5 Switch Port Configuration 107
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 107
Foundation Topics 112
Ethernet Concepts 112
Ethernet (10 Mbps) 112
Long Reach Ethernet (LRE) 113
Fast Ethernet 114
Full-Duplex Fast Ethernet 115
Gigabit Ethernet 117
10Gigabit Ethernet 118
Metro Ethernet 119
Connecting Switch Block Devices 120
Console Port Cables/Connectors 120
Ethernet Port Cables and Connectors 121
Gigabit Ethernet Port Cables and Connectors 121
Switch Port Configuration 123
Selecting Ports to Configure 123
Identifying Ports 124
Port Speed 124
Port Mode 125
Managing Error Conditions on a Switch Port 125
Detecting Error Conditions 125
Automatically Recover from Error Conditions 126
Enable and Use the Switch Port 126
Troubleshooting Port Connectivity 126
Looking for the Port State 127
Looking for Speed and/or Duplex Mismatches 127
Foundation Summary 129
Q&A 133

Chapter 6 VLANs and Trunks 137
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 137
Foundation Topics 141
Virtual LANs 141
VLAN Membership 142
Static VLANs 142
Configuring Static VLANs 143
Dynamic VLANs 144
Deploying VLANs 144
End-to-End VLANs 145
Local VLANs 145
VLAN Trunks 146
VLAN Frame Identification 146
Inter-Switch Link Protocol 148
IEEE 802.1Q Protocol 148
Dynamic Trunking Protocol 150
VLAN Trunk Configuration 150
VLAN Trunk Configuration 150
Service Provider Tunneling 153
IEEE 802.1Q Tunnels 153
Configuring a 802.1Q Tunnel 155
Layer 2 Protocol Tunnels 155
Configuring Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling 156
Ethernet over MPLS Tunneling 157
Troubleshooting VLANs and Trunks 159
Foundation Summary 162
Q&A 164

Chapter 7 VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) 167
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 167
Foundation Topics 171
VLAN Trunking Protocol 171
VTP Domains 171
VTP Modes 171
VTP Advertisements 172
VTP Configuration 175
Configuring a VTP Management Domain 175
Configuring the VTP Mode 176
Configuring the VTP Version 177
VTP Status 178
VTP Pruning 179
Enabling VTP Pruning 181
Troubleshooting VTP 182
Foundation Summary 184
Q&A 186

Chapter 8 Aggregating Switch Links 189
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 189
Foundation Topics 193
Switch Port Aggregation with EtherChannel 193
Bundling Ports with EtherChannel 194
Distributing Traffic in EtherChannel 194
Configuring EtherChannel Load Balancing 195
EtherChannel Negotiation Protocols 197
Port Aggregation Protocol (PAgP) 197
Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) 198
EtherChannel Configuration 198
Configuring a PAgP EtherChannel 199
Configuring a LACP EtherChannel 199
Troubleshooting an EtherChannel 200
Foundation Summary 204
Q&A 206

Chapter 9 Traditional Spanning Tree Protocol 209
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 209
Foundation Topics 213
IEEE 802.1D Overview 213
Bridging Loops 213
Preventing Loops with Spanning Tree Protocol 217
Spanning Tree Communication: Bridge Protocol Data Units 217
Electing a Root Bridge 218
Electing Root Ports 220
Electing Designated Ports 223
STP States 225
STP Timers 227
Topology Changes 228
Types of STP 229
Common Spanning Tree (CST) 229
Per-VLAN Spanning Tree (PVST) 229
Per-VLAN Spanning Tree Plus (PVST+) 230
Foundation Summary 231
Q&A 234

Chapter 10 Spannning Tree Configuration 239
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 239
Foundation Topics 243
STP Root Bridge 243
Root Bridge Placement 243
Root Bridge Configuration 246
Spanning Tree Customization 248
Tuning the Root Path Cost 248
Tuning the Port ID 249
Tuning Spanning Tree Convergence 250
Modifying STP Timers 250
Redundant Link Convergence 252
PortFast: Access Layer Nodes 252
UplinkFast: Access Layer Uplinks 253
BackboneFast: Redundant Backbone Paths 254
Troubleshooting STP 255
Foundation Summary 257
Q&A 258

Chapter 11 Protecting the Spanning Tree Protocol Topology 263
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 263
Foundation Topics 267
Protecting Against Unexpected BPDUs 267
Root Guard 267
BPDU Guard 268
Protecting Against Sudden Loss of BPDUs 269
BPDU Skew Detection 270
Loop Guard 270
UDLD 271
Troubleshooting STP Protection 273
Foundation Summary 274
Q&A 276

Chapter 12 Advanced Spanning Tree Protocol 279
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 279
Foundation Topics 283
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) 283
RSTP Port Behavior 283
BPDUs in RSTP 284
RSTP Convergence 285
Port Types 286
Synchronization 287
Topology Changes and RSTP 288
RSTP Configuration 290
Multiple Spanning Tree (MST) Protocol 290
MST Overview 292
MST Regions 292
Spanning Tree Instances Within MST 293
IST Instances 293
MST Instances 294
MST Configuration 295
Foundation Summary 298
Q&A 300

Part III Layer 3 Switching 302

Chapter 13 Multilayer Switching 305
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 305
Foundation Topics 309
InterVLAN Routing 309
Types of Interfaces 310
Configuring InterVLAN Routing 310
Layer 2 Port Configuration 310
Layer 3 Port Configuration 311
SVI Port Configuration 312
Multilayer Switching with CEF 312
Traditional MLS Overview 312
CEF Overview 313
Forwarding Information Base (FIB) 314
Adjacency Table 315
Packet Rewrite 316
Configuring CEF 316
Fallback Bridging 317
Verifying Multilayer Switching 318
InterVLAN Routing 318
CEF 319
Fallback Bridging 321
Foundation Summary 322
Q&A 324

Chapter 14 Router Redundancy and Load Balancing 327
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 327
Foundation Topics 331
Router Redundancy in Multilayer Switching 331
Packet Forwarding Review 331
Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) 332
HSRP Router Election 332
Conceding the Election 333
HSRP Gateway Addressing 334
Load Balancing with HSRP 335
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) 336
Gateway Load Balancing Protocol (GLBP) 337
Active Virtual Gateway 338
Active Virtual Forwarder 339
GLBP Load Balancing 340
Enabling GLBP 340
Server Load Balancing (SLB) 343
SLB Configuration 344
Server Farms 344
Virtual Servers 345
Verifying Redundancy and Load Balancing 346
Foundation Summary 347
Q&A 350

Chapter 15 Multicast 353
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 353
Foundation Topics 357
Multicast Overview 357
Multicast Addressing 358
Routing Multicast Traffic 359
Multicast Trees 359
Reverse Path Forwarding 360
IGMP 360
IGMPv1 360
IGMPv2 361
PIM 361
PIM Dense Mode 362
PIM Sparse Mode 363
PIM Sparse-Dense Mode 365
PIM Version 1 365
PIM Version 2 366
Switching Multicast Traffic 367
IGMP Snooping 367
CGMP 368
Verifying Multicast Routing and Switching 369
Multicast Routing with PIM 369
Multicast Switching 369
What Would Happen Without a Multicast Router? 370
Foundation Summary 371
Q&A 373

Part IV Campus Network Services 374

Chapter 16 Quality of Service Overview 377
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 377
Foundation Topics 381
The Need for Quality of Service 381
Types of QoS 382
Best Effort Delivery 382
Integrated Services Model 382
Differentiated Services Model 383
DiffServ QoS 383
Layer 2 QoS Classification 384
Layer 3 QoS Classification with DSCP 384
Class Selector 386
Drop Precedence 386
QoS Building Blocks 387
Ingress Queueing 388
Classification, Trust, and Marking 388
Policers 389
Scheduling 390
Congestion Avoidance 391
Tail Drop 391
Weighted Random Early Detection 392
Switch Port Queues 393
Foundation Summary 396
Q&A 398

Chapter 17 DiffServ QoS Configuration 401
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 401
Foundation Topics 405
Applying QoS Trust 406
Trust QoS on an Interface 406
Do Not Trust any QoS Information 407
Mapping Inbound QoS Information 407
Defining a QoS Policy 409
Defining a QoS Class to Classify Traffic 409
Classifying Traffic with an Access List 410
Classifying Traffic with NBAR 410
What Happens When NBAR Is Enabled? 411
Defining a QoS Policy 411
Identifying the QoS Class Maps 411
Marking QoS Information 412
Trusting QoS Information 412
Policing Classified Traffic 412
Apply a QoS Policy to an Interface 413
Tuning Egress Scheduling 414
Using Congestion Avoidance 414
Mapping Internal DSCP Values to CoS Values for Queueing 414
Mapping Packets into Egress Queues 415
Avoiding Congestion by Using Tail Drop 416
Avoiding Congestion by Using WRED 416
Setting WRED Thresholds 416
A QoS Configuration Example 417
Configuring QoS Trust 418
Configuring a QoS Class to Classify Traffic 419
Configuring a QoS Policy to Act on Classified Traffic 420
Egress Queue Tuning 421
Verifying and Troubleshooting QoS 422
Foundation Summary 425
Q&A 428

Chapter 18 IP Telephony 431
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 431
Foundation Topics 435
IP Telephony Overview 435
Inline Power 435
How Inline Power Works 436
Configuring Inline Power 437
Voice VLANs 437
Voice VLAN Configuration 438
Voice QoS 440
QoS Trust 440
Voice Packet Classification 441
Queuing for Voice Traffic 442
Verifying Inline Power, Voice VLANs, and Voice QoS 442
Verifying Inline Power 443
Verifying Voice VLANs 443
Verifying Voice QoS 444
Foundation Summary 448
Q&A 449

Chapter 19 Securing Switch Access 451
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 451
Foundation Topics 455
Switch AAA 455
Authentication 455
Authorization 457
Accounting 459
Port Security 460
Port-Based Authentication 461
802.1x Configuration 462
Foundation Summary 464
Q&A 466

Chapter 20 Securing with VLANs 469
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 469
Foundation Topics 473
VLAN Access Lists 473
VACL Configuration 473
Private VLANs 474
Private VLAN Configuration 477
Configure the Private VLANs 477
Associate Ports with Private VLANs 477
Associate Secondary VLANs to a Primary VLAN SVI 479
Switch Port Monitoring 480
Local SPAN and VSPAN 481
Local SPAN and VSPAN Configuration 482
Remote SPAN 484
Remote SPAN Configuration 485
Foundation Summary 488
Q&A 491

Part V Scenarios for Final Preparation 494

Chapter 21 Scenarios for Final Preparation 497
Scenario 1: Trunking and DTP 497
Scenario 2: VLANs, Trunking, and VTP 499
Scenario 3: Traditional STP 500
Scenario 4: Advanced STP 500
Scenario 5: Router Redundancy with HSRP and GLBP 501
Scenario 6: Multicast 503
Scenario 7: QoS in a Switched Network 504
Scenario 8: Securing Access and Managing Traffic in a Switched Network 505
Scenario Answers 506
Scenario 1 Answers 506
Scenario 2 Answers 506
Scenario 3 Answers 507
Scenario 4 Answers 508
Scenario 5 Answers 509
Scenario 6 Answers 510
Scenario 7 Answers 510
Scenario 8 Answers 512
Part VI Appendix 514

Appendix A Answers to Chapter "Do I Know This Already?" Quizzes and Q&A

Sections 517

Index 582